Lipoprotein(a)
A genetically determined LDL-like particle that independently increases heart attack, stroke and aortic valve risk.
| Typical reference range | below 75 nmol/L |
Ranges vary by laboratory, method, age and sex: always use the range printed on your own report. Why labs differ.
What it measures
Lp(a) is an LDL particle with an extra protein, apolipoprotein(a), attached. Its level is about 70-90% determined by genes (the LPA gene) and stays fairly constant throughout life, so a single measurement is often sufficient.
Why it matters
Elevated Lp(a) is a causal, independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and calcific aortic valve stenosis, affecting roughly 20% of people. Guidelines increasingly recommend measuring it at least once in every adult.
What a high result can mean
High values are mostly inherited. Levels can also rise with kidney disease, hypothyroidism and menopause. A level above ~125 nmol/L (about 50 mg/dL) is widely considered a risk-enhancing factor.
What a low result can mean
Low Lp(a) is not associated with any known harm.
What affects the result
Results in nmol/L (particle count) cannot be reliably converted to mg/dL (mass) because apo(a) size varies between individuals; compare results in the same unit. Diet and exercise have little effect. Statins may slightly raise it; PCSK9 inhibitors and niacin lower it modestly, and specific Lp(a)-lowering drugs are in trials. High Lp(a) is often managed by lowering ApoB/LDL more aggressively.
Unit
Usually reported in nmol/L.
Also called on lab reports
Lipoprotein (a), Lp(a), LPA, Lp (a), Lipoprotein a, Lipoprotein(a), Serum
Related tests: Lipids & Cardiovascular Risk
This page is educational and does not replace advice from a healthcare professional.